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THE PURSER WELLNESS REFERENCE

Nutrients, made clearer.

Explore food sources, possible deficiency symptoms, supplement forms and questions to bring to your next visit.

31 entries

Symptoms can overlap. Herbs and other compounds do not all have a recognized deficiency syndrome; each entry explains the difference.

Vitamins & minerals

Beta-Carotene

A carotenoid that the body can convert to vitamin A.

Vitamins & minerals

Biotin

Helps enzymes process fats, carbohydrates and amino acids.

Vitamins & minerals

Boron

A trace element found in food; a human dietary requirement has not been established.

Vitamins & minerals

Calcium

Provides structure for bones and teeth and supports muscle and nerve signaling.

Vitamins & minerals

Choline

Contributes to cell membranes, acetylcholine and transport of fats from the liver.

Vitamins & minerals

Chromium

A trace element marketed in supplements; its essential role in humans remains under discussion.

Vitamins & minerals

Copper

Supports iron handling, connective tissue and antioxidant enzymes.

Vitamins & minerals

Delta-Tocotrienol

One member of the vitamin E family; it is distinct from alpha-tocopherol, the form used to establish vitamin E requirements.

Vitamins & minerals

Iodine

Is needed to make thyroid hormones.

Vitamins & minerals

Iron

Helps hemoglobin carry oxygen and supports many cellular processes.

Vitamins & minerals

Lithium

An element found in trace amounts in the environment and used in prescription medicines.

Vitamins & minerals

Magnesium

Helps enzymes, nerves and muscles work, and participates in energy production.

Vitamins & minerals

Manganese

Helps several enzymes, including a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, function.

Vitamins & minerals

MK-4 & MK-7

Are forms of vitamin K2, a family involved in activation of vitamin K-dependent proteins.

Vitamins & minerals

Molybdenum

Supports enzymes involved in processing sulfites and other compounds.

Vitamins & minerals

Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)

Is used to make coenzyme A, important in energy and fat metabolism.

Vitamins & minerals

Potassium

Helps fluid balance, nerve signaling and muscle contraction.

Vitamins & minerals

Selenium

Is part of proteins involved in thyroid hormone metabolism and antioxidant defense.

Vitamins & minerals

Strontium

An element with chemical similarities to calcium; supplemental strontium is not a substitute for calcium.

Vitamins & minerals

Vanadium

A trace element without an established essential dietary role in humans.

Vitamins & minerals

Vitamin A

Supports vision, immune function and tissue development.

Vitamins & minerals

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Helps convert food into usable energy and supports nerve function.

Vitamins & minerals

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Needed for nerve function, DNA production and healthy red blood cells.

Vitamins & minerals

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Forms enzyme helpers used in energy metabolism.

Vitamins & minerals

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Provides building blocks for NAD and NADP, which participate in cellular energy reactions.

Vitamins & minerals

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

Supports amino-acid metabolism, neurotransmitter production and hemoglobin synthesis.

Vitamins & minerals

Vitamin B9 (Folate)

Supports DNA synthesis and one-carbon metabolism, including the pathway that processes homocysteine.

Vitamins & minerals

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

Supports collagen formation, antioxidant activity and absorption of nonheme iron.

Vitamins & minerals

Vitamin D

Helps calcium absorption and bone mineralization.

Vitamins & minerals

Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)

Supports proteins involved in blood clotting and bone metabolism.

Vitamins & minerals

Zinc

Supports enzymes, immune function, wound healing and taste.

These pages adapt the Purser educational materials into plain language. They are educational summaries, not individualized assessments or a claim of independent medical review.