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Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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F9 encodes coagulation factor IX. Disease-causing variants can result in hemophilia B, an inherited bleeding disorder, but a panel marker is not equivalent to a confirmed disease-causing finding. Also called: Factor IX and the bleeding sid…

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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IL16 encodes interleukin-16, a cytokine involved in attracting and influencing immune cells, including CD4-expressing cells. Its recruitment role helps separate it from other numbered interleukins. Also called: A cytokine involved in immun…

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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IL18 encodes interleukin-18, a cytokine that can promote interferon-gamma responses in the appropriate immune context. Its receptor includes components encoded by IL18R1 and IL18RAP. Also called: An inflammatory signal that connects to int…

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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IL4 encodes interleukin-4, a cytokine involved in Th2 immune responses and antibody class switching, including pathways related to IgE. It operates alongside IL-5 and IL-13 rather than representing all allergic biology by itself. Also calle…

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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MTHFS encodes an enzyme that converts 5-formyltetrahydrofolate into 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate. This places it in folate interconversion; it is not another name for MTHFR or a direct maker of methylfolate. Also called: Folinic acid has …

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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RAD50 encodes a DNA-repair protein. The surrounding genomic region also contains regulatory elements relevant to the nearby IL4, IL5 and IL13 cluster, so a locus association can concern more than the coding function of one gene. Also called…

Learning essentialsSep 23, 2026
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See how homocysteine connects to cysteine and glutathione. Follow seven simple steps, explore the side routes, and tap a word or building block to learn more. Also called: Transsulfuration, Transsulphuration, Sulfur pathway, Cysteine synthe…

Health BlogSep 18, 2026
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Your local doctor will likely tell you that MTHFR testing and taking an MTHFR Daily supplement is a waste of money. They might even claim it isn't a real medical issue. After 15 years of hearing this pap, I can tell you they are flat-out wr…

Report teachingSep 16, 2026
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Explore multiple sclerosis (MS), central nervous system inflammation, myelin, symptoms, and related immune signals. Understand the connection Multiple sclerosis involves immune-mediated injury to myelin and other nervous-system structures.…

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