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Follow Dr. Purser’s teaching on folate, B12, sulfur pathways and antioxidant support around homocysteine.

HMGB1 normally has functions inside the cell nucleus. When released outside cells in particular settings, it can act as a damage-associated molecular pattern, or DAMP, participating in inflammatory signaling. Also called: A cellular protei…

IL4 encodes interleukin-4, a cytokine involved in Th2 immune responses and antibody class switching, including pathways related to IgE. It operates alongside IL-5 and IL-13 rather than representing all allergic biology by itself. Also calle…

Explore Toll-like receptor 4, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), HMGB1, innate immune sensing, and related inflammatory pathways. Understand the connection TLR4 helps recognize bacterial lipopolysaccharide, or LPS, with assistance from CD14 and MD-…

— A Guide by the World’s Leading Homocysteine Expert For more than four decades as a practicing physician, I have watched thousands of patients cycle through conventional autoimmune treatments that address symptoms but never touch the fire underneath. Rheumatoid arthritis flares, lupus rashes, multiple sclerosis relapses, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, fibromyalgia pain—these are not random. They share a common, often overlooked biochemical pathway: MTHFR mutations leading to elevated homocysteine that supercharges autoimmune inflammation . This is not fringe theory. It is the clinical reality I hav

Iodine Benefits!! Learn all about it on my substack Thyroid Health: Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones regulate the body's metabolism, energy production, and other essent

Kidney disease has many possible causes. Understand the connection Kidney disease has many possible causes. Inflammation can participate in injury, but glucose, blood pressure, infection, obstruction, medicines, and other processes also ne…

Understand the difference between primary and secondary Raynaud’s in this report.

This TNF promoter variant appears in Dr. Purser’s discussion of inflammatory signaling.

This immune-mediated condition can affect the optic nerves and spinal cord.

An enzyme the body makes that breaks down hydrogen peroxide. Also called: Catalase The peroxide-handling step In Dr. Purser’s antioxidant teaching, catalase helps break hydrogen peroxide down into water and oxygen. It is discussed after SOD…

A molecule made from glutamate, cysteine and glycine that participates in cellular redox balance. Also called: Glutathione (GSH), GSH Making, using and recycling glutathione Your body makes glutathione from three building blocks. Several ge…