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IL16 encodes interleukin-16, a cytokine involved in attracting and influencing immune cells, including CD4-expressing cells. Its recruitment role helps separate it from other numbered interleukins.

IL17A encodes interleukin-17A, a cytokine involved in defense at tissue barriers and inflammatory signaling. It belongs to the Th17 pathway, which is supported by signals including IL-23.

IL18 encodes interleukin-18, a cytokine that can promote interferon-gamma responses in the appropriate immune context. Its receptor includes components encoded by IL18R1 and IL18RAP.

IL1B encodes interleukin-1 beta, a cytokine involved in inflammatory responses and fever. Its production and activation are regulated processes, not simply an on/off consequence of having a common SNP.

IL22 encodes a cytokine that acts on tissues such as epithelial barriers. It can support barrier defense and repair, while its effects depend on the tissue and inflammatory setting.

IL23A encodes the p19 subunit of interleukin-23. Together with the p40 subunit encoded by IL12B, it forms a cytokine involved in supporting Th17 responses.

IL4 encodes interleukin-4, a cytokine involved in Th2 immune responses and antibody class switching, including pathways related to IgE. It operates alongside IL-5 and IL-13 rather than representing all allergic biology by itself.

IL5 encodes interleukin-5, a cytokine important to eosinophil growth, survival and activation. Eosinophils are involved in selected allergic and other inflammatory conditions.

IL6R encodes the interleukin-6 receptor. Membrane-bound and soluble receptor pathways help explain why IL-6 biology involves more than the amount of cytokine in a single blood sample.

Dr. Purser’s subscriber report on IL-5, cytokine genetics, and the topics discussed in his homozygous IL5 variant report.

A sudden spike in folate or homocysteine is rarely caused by supplements. It is most often the result of a hidden infection or minor injury triggering a cytokine surge. Identifying and treating the underlying source is the key to bringing l

Sample handling and test methods can change a cytokine result. Compare it with the exact range from your lab and ask why the test was ordered.