Encyclopedia

SOD2 works in mitochondria as part of the body’s antioxidant defenses.

SOD3 works outside cells as part of the body’s antioxidant defenses.

TCN2 helps carry vitamin B12 in the body. A gene result alone cannot tell you your B12 status.

TNF encodes tumor necrosis factor, an immune-signaling protein involved in inflammation, host defense and regulation of cell survival. Its name should not be read as proof that a TNF result indicates cancer.

Follow Dr. Purser’s teaching on folate, B12, sulfur pathways and antioxidant support around homocysteine.

Understand why Dr. Purser teaches glutathione, SOD and catalase as a connected antioxidant team.

Encodes the reduced folate carrier, a protein involved in transporting folates into cells.

CCL11 encodes eotaxin-1, a chemokine best known for attracting eosinophils. Its receptor relationships connect it to allergic inflammation as well as broader research into immune signaling.

CCL2 encodes MCP-1, a chemokine that attracts monocytes toward sites of immune activity. Recruitment is a different task from the cytokines that activate those cells once they arrive.

CCL3 encodes MIP-1 alpha, a chemokine involved in attracting and activating immune cells. It is related to CCL4, or MIP-1 beta, but the two genes and proteins are distinct.

CCL4 encodes MIP-1 beta, a chemokine involved in attracting immune cells. It participates in a recruitment network that includes CCL2, CXCL8 and related chemokines.

CCL5, also called RANTES, is a chemokine that helps direct immune-cell movement. Chemokines tell cells where to go, which is different from measuring the total strength of an immune response.