Why Antioxidants?
During every cycle of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production in the mitochondria, small amounts of oxidants, also known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), are produced. This is a natural byproduct of the process of oxidative phosphorylation, where the energy from food is used to create ATP, the primary energy currency of cells.
During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred along a series of molecules known as the electron transport chain, ultimately driving the synthesis of ATP. If an electron prematurely reacts with oxygen during this process, it can form a reactive oxygen species such as superoxide (O2-) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
While ROS can be harmful in large amounts due to their ability to damage proteins, lipids, and DNA, in small amounts they play essential roles in cell signaling and immune function. The body has various antioxidant systems, including enzymes like superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and antioxidant molecules like vitamin C, glutathione, and CoQ10, to neutralize excess ROS and prevent oxidative stress and damage.
