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CD14 helps immune cells recognize microbial components, including bacterial lipopolysaccharide, as part of innate immune signaling. This places it upstream of some cytokine responses.

CTH helps make cysteine, one of the building blocks your body uses to make glutathione.

GSTM1 helps your body use glutathione to process some compounds.

GSTO1 belongs to the omega family of glutathione S-transferases. These enzymes participate in redox chemistry, with roles that differ from the better-known GSTM1 and GSTP1 pathways.

GSTP1 helps your body use glutathione to process some compounds.

GSTT1 helps your body use glutathione to process some compounds.

IL6 encodes interleukin-6, a cytokine involved in immune responses and acute-phase signaling. It can appear in discussions of infection, chronic inflammation and metabolic health, with effects that depend on the context.

NQO1 is the gene name for NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase 1. Learn what a specific result could mean and what to ask about it.

PON1 is discussed in relation to how the body handles some compounds and protects certain fats.

TNF encodes tumor necrosis factor, an immune-signaling protein involved in inflammation, host defense and regulation of cell survival. Its name should not be read as proof that a TNF result indicates cancer.

Understand why Dr. Purser teaches glutathione, SOD and catalase as a connected antioxidant team.

DDAH1 encodes an enzyme that breaks down asymmetric dimethylarginine, or ADMA. ADMA inhibits nitric oxide synthase; DDAH1 is part of its clearance system, not the inhibitor itself.