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A carotenoid found in foods and in the retina. Also called: Lutein What it does A carotenoid found in foods and in the retina. How supplementation is approached Lutein is an eye-related carotenoid, not a vitamin with a recognized isolated d…

…s botanical or compound. Lycopene is a carotenoid found in foods such as tomatoes; a concentrated capsule is a separate supplement decision. What symptoms can—and cannot—tell you There is no established dietary deficiency syndrome for this…

…rolyte, sleep and multivitamin products before adding more. Food sources Pumpkin seeds; almonds; spinach; beans; whole grains. Supplement forms Citrate, chloride, oxide and glycinate are examples. The label reports elemental magnesium. A qu…

… in this botanical or compound. Maitake mushrooms eaten as food differ from concentrated mushroom extracts and immune-support blends. What symptoms can—and cannot—tell you There is no established dietary deficiency syndrome for this specif…

…ioxidant enzyme that works in mitochondria. Enzymes and the nutrients they use are part of the body’s defenses; a supplement bottle cannot tell you how much of either your body needs. Putting the pieces together A SOD2 variant is not a mang…

…d. Symptoms are not evidence that you need this supplement. Food sources Mangosteen fruit. Supplement forms Mangosteen fruit and concentrated rind/extract preparations are different products. What to track and reassess If your clinician rec…

…d. Symptoms are not evidence that you need this supplement. Food sources Foods are not a reliable substitute for assessment of sleep or circadian problems. Supplement forms Immediate-release and extended-release forms have different timing …

…rption and the clinical setting with a qualified clinician. Food sources Protein foods such as eggs, fish, poultry, meat, dairy, soy and legumes supply amino acids. The body also makes some amino acids. Supplement forms L-methionine may be …

…t use must be reviewed before adding or changing vitamin K. Food sources Some cheeses and fermented foods; natto is a source of MK-7. Supplement forms Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), often paired with vitamin D. Verify the in…

…d. Symptoms are not evidence that you need this supplement. Food sources The body produces and recycles NADH. Food content is not a guide to supplemental need. Supplement forms Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) products diffe…

…d. Symptoms are not evidence that you need this supplement. Food sources Noni fruit and juice. Supplement forms Noni juice and concentrated extracts vary in composition. Include drinks as well as capsules in the supplement history. What to …

…f fats that includes ALA, EPA and DHA. Also called: Omega-3 Food source, chemical form and membrane function Dr. Purser’s course connects omega-3s with membranes, brain function and inflammatory/metabolic teaching. FADS1 and FADS2 add the c…