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Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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BRCA1 helps repair damaged DNA. Clinically classified pathogenic variants can affect inherited cancer risk; a common SNP or a variant of uncertain significance is a different finding.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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BRCA2 helps repair damaged DNA. Clinically classified pathogenic variants can affect inherited cancer risk; a common SNP or a variant of uncertain significance is a different finding.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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ESR1 encodes estrogen receptor alpha, which helps cells respond to estrogen. Receptor signaling is different from the amount of estrogen measured in blood.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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FOLH1 helps break down folate from food so it can be absorbed. This is different from the MTHFR step.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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MTHFD1 helps move folate between forms used for different jobs in the body.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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NR3C1 encodes the glucocorticoid receptor, which helps tissues respond to cortisol and glucocorticoid medicines. Receptor genetics and measured cortisol levels answer different questions.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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Makes an enzyme involved in producing phosphatidylcholine, a component of cell membranes. Genetic findings alone do not establish a choline deficiency.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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CCL2 encodes MCP-1, a chemokine that attracts monocytes toward sites of immune activity. Recruitment is a different task from the cytokines that activate those cells once they arrive.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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CCL5, also called RANTES, is a chemokine that helps direct immune-cell movement. Chemokines tell cells where to go, which is different from measuring the total strength of an immune response.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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IL33 encodes interleukin-33, a signal that can act as an alarmin during tissue stress and promote type 2 immune responses. It belongs in a different functional group from chemokines that recruit cells.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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TNFSF10 encodes TRAIL, a signaling protein involved in regulated cell death through particular receptors. It is a different member of the TNF-related signaling family from TNF itself.

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