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See the two main routes for processing homocysteine and what may affect a blood result.

Learn why an IL-8 result alone cannot locate an infection.

…as a toxic substance in the blood. Doctors were taught that lowering it with B-vitamins might reduce heart disease risk. But research results were inconsistent, leaving many physicians unsure whether homocysteine truly mattered. New researc…

…r that receives it. IL6 and IL6R are different genes, and a result for one should not be labeled as a result for the other. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser explains IL-6 receptor signaling through gp130 and the JAK/STAT3 pathway. He discusse…

…eing without replacing that diagnosis or its treatment. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser discusses B vitamins, amino acids, magnesium, and mitochondrial energy in the context of neurotransmitter synthesis and nutrient deficiencies. He explore…

…e delayed after exposure and may differ between people. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser connects the IgE allergy response with Th2 signaling, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and with eosinophil-related inflammation. The immune pathway expla…

…it and maintain cells that participate in this process. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser follows the IFN-gamma pathway through CXCL9 and CXCL10, which guide immune cells, and IL-15, which helps sustain memory T cells. He discusses JAK signali…

…nnected, but they are not interchangeable measurements. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser discusses Th1 and Th17 signaling, interferons, IL-6, and TNF-alpha alongside thyroid autoantibodies and oxidative stress. Thyroid hormone replacement add…

Explore what COMT does and how to read variant results with context. Understand the connection COMT helps process dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and catechol estrogens using methyl groups from SAM. Its activity depends on more than…

…ollagen and other proteins that contribute to strength. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser discusses lysine, glycine, proline, and other amino acids involved in connective tissue, alongside adequate overall protein and vitamin C. This helps exp…

…locks for catecholamines and other important compounds. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser connects protein intake and absorption with dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine synthesis. Severe deficiency is unusual and needs evaluation for br…

Follow Dr. Purser’s explanation of how cells respond to insulin. Understand the connection The insulin receptor helps cells respond to insulin. After insulin binds, the receptor activates a chain of signals that influences glucose uptake a…