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Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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The genetic-architecture chapter explains that S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) donates methyl groups and becomes S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH).

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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FOLR1 encodes folate receptor alpha, which helps cells take up folate and has an important role in folate transport at the brain’s barriers. Blood folate and folate availability in the nervous system are not identical measurements.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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GSTO1 belongs to the omega family of glutathione S-transferases. These enzymes participate in redox chemistry, with roles that differ from the better-known GSTM1 and GSTP1 pathways.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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NOS3 encodes endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which helps blood vessels generate nitric oxide, a signal involved in vascular relaxation. This pathway is distinct from a blood pressure measurement or a diagnosis of vascular disease.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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SOD1 helps convert superoxide inside cells as part of the body’s antioxidant defenses.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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SOD2 works in mitochondria as part of the body’s antioxidant defenses.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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SOD3 works outside cells as part of the body’s antioxidant defenses.

Gene referenceSep 23, 2026
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GSTO2 encodes glutathione S-transferase omega 2, a redox enzyme with dehydroascorbate reductase activity that connects glutathione chemistry with vitamin C recycling. It is a separate gene from GSTO1.

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