IL6 encodes interleukin-6, a cytokine involved in immune responses and acute-phase signaling. It can appear in discussions of infection, chronic inflammation and metabolic health, with effects that depend on the context.
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What’s searchable?TNF encodes tumor necrosis factor, an immune-signaling protein involved in inflammation, host defense and regulation of cell survival. Its name should not be read as proof that a TNF result indicates cancer.
CCL11 encodes eotaxin-1, a chemokine best known for attracting eosinophils. Its receptor relationships connect it to allergic inflammation as well as broader research into immune signaling.
CCL2 encodes MCP-1, a chemokine that attracts monocytes toward sites of immune activity. Recruitment is a different task from the cytokines that activate those cells once they arrive.
CCL3 encodes MIP-1 alpha, a chemokine involved in attracting and activating immune cells. It is related to CCL4, or MIP-1 beta, but the two genes and proteins are distinct.
CCL4 encodes MIP-1 beta, a chemokine involved in attracting immune cells. It participates in a recruitment network that includes CCL2, CXCL8 and related chemokines.
CCL5, also called RANTES, is a chemokine that helps direct immune-cell movement. Chemokines tell cells where to go, which is different from measuring the total strength of an immune response.
CD40 encodes a receptor that participates in communication between immune cells, including T-cell help for B-cell responses. Its partner is CD40 ligand, encoded by CD40LG.
CXCL13 is a chemokine that attracts cells expressing CXCR5, including B cells. This pairing helps organize immune-cell traffic in lymphoid tissues and some chronic inflammatory settings.
CXCR5 encodes the receptor for CXCL13. This receptor helps guide B cells and certain T cells toward locations where organized immune responses develop.
IFNG encodes interferon gamma, a cytokine involved in cellular immune defense and activation of macrophages. It differs from the Th2 signals more often emphasized in allergic responses.
IL10 encodes interleukin-10, a cytokine that can limit inflammatory responses and help prevent excessive immune-mediated tissue damage. Immune balance includes resolving a response as well as starting one.
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