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… same gene can have many variants with different meanings. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser follows IFN-γ signaling into T-cell and macrophage activity and the relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress. A genotype needs to be con…

…ch cells are involved and what is happening in the tissue. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser discusses IL-10 promoter variants and the balance between immune defense and regulation. This teaching connects IL-10 with macrophages, T cells, and o…

… IL-12 combines p40 with p35; IL-23 combines p40 with p19. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser explains why the shared p40 subunit connects the Th1 and Th17 immune pathways. This also helps explain the difference between treatments that target p…

…to neighboring cells, a process called trans-presentation. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser connects IL15RA with natural killer cells, CD8+ T cells, and signaling in muscle and joint tissue. The cytokine IL-15 and its receptor IL15RA are rela…

…ursor protein and is processed to release its active form. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser discusses caspase-3, CD4-related immune-cell recruitment, and inflammatory activity in tissues. This is one part of an immune network rather than a st…

…n be activated by caspase-1 through inflammasome pathways. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser connects NLRP3 activation, IL-18, and interferon-gamma signaling. IL-18 works through a receptor system that includes IL18R1 and IL18RAP, linking an i…

… B, NLRP3, and related inflammation and treatment research. Follow the related videos and articles to learn more. This introduction cannot tell you whether a diagnosis or treatment applies to you. Ask at your visit: What does this mean in m…

…elps the receptor complex send its signal inside the cell. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser follows this receptor complex through MyD88 and NF-κB signaling into immune activity. A receptor-related variant and an IL-18 blood measurement answer…

…differs from IL-1 beta in how it is produced and released. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser discusses tissue injury, local inflammation, and the IL-1 receptor response. This teaching also connects immune alarms with oxidative stress and expla…

…ntagonist, a protein that helps limit IL-1 signaling. It occupies the receptor without turning on the same inflammatory signal. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser discusses rs1794066 and the balance between IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and their natu…

… antibody responses, and other parts of adaptive immunity. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser explains IL-21 receptor signaling through JAK and STAT proteins, including STAT3. He discusses how ongoing immune activation can affect tissues and wh…

…er tissues such as the skin, intestines, and lungs. It can support repair but can also participate in inflammation when signaling is out of balance. Follow the pathway Dr. Purser describes the IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 receptor complex and the r…