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Supports DNA synthesis and one-carbon metabolism, including the pathway that processes homocysteine.

The genetic-architecture chapter explains that S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) donates methyl groups and becomes S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH).

Encodes diamine oxidase, an enzyme involved in breaking down histamine and other amines. DAO is used here as an enzyme nickname; it is also the official symbol of a different gene.

BHMT helps recycle homocysteine into methionine using betaine. It is a different route from the folate and B12 pathway.

CBS helps move homocysteine into the pathway that supplies building blocks for glutathione.

CD14 helps immune cells recognize microbial components, including bacterial lipopolysaccharide, as part of innate immune signaling. This places it upstream of some cytokine responses.

CHDH helps convert choline toward betaine, a nutrient involved in the homocysteine pathway.

COL5A1 encodes one component of type V collagen, which helps organize collagen fibers. It connects to the strength and structure of tendons, skin and other connective tissues.

Makes an enzyme that helps break down catechol compounds, including some neurotransmitters. A common variant does not by itself explain mood, attention or stress tolerance.

CTH helps make cysteine, one of the building blocks your body uses to make glutathione.

The older Purser genetics reference uses the heading “DAOA (AOC1)” in its gut section.

DHFR helps reduce folic acid and dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate-related forms used in cellular metabolism. This is one part of the folate system, distinct from MTHFR and folate transport into cells.