All interactive pathways

INTERACTIVE PATHWAY · FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS

From DNA to protein

Follow one gene from the nucleus to a working protein. Tap each stop. Then choose an RNA word to see how it is read.

01

FOLLOW THE MESSAGE

Six stops from gene to protein

Copy a message from one gene, read it, then make a chain of amino acids.

STEP 1 OF 6

Choose a gene

A gene is a stretch of DNA. To make its protein, the cell uses the gene as a pattern. This step does not copy the whole genome or divide the cell.

IN THE NUCLEUS
DNA stays here

One gene is transcribed into RNA. RNA is prepared before export.

OUT THROUGH A PORE
mRNA carries the message

The final message moves to the cytoplasm.

AT THE RIBOSOME
Build an amino acid chain

A ribosome reads codons; the chain begins to fold.

02

TRY THE TINY EXAMPLE

Read an RNA word

Each group of three RNA letters is a codon. Pick one below to see its meaning.

Invented teaching sequence: these letters are not a human gene or anyone’s genetic result.

CODING DNA5′ → 3′
ATGGCTTTTCAATGA
MESSENGER RNA5′ → 3′
AMINO ACID CHAINread in order
Start · MetAlaPheGlnStop
CODON 1 · AUG

Start · Met

AUG is the start signal in this small example. It also specifies methionine.

What if one DNA letter changes?

In this one example, TTT becoming TCT changes RNA UUU to UCU, so the chain changes from Phe to Ser at that spot. Some changes have no effect; others matter. This example cannot predict anyone’s health.

THE OTHER DNA STORYHow cells copy DNA before division